Internal combustion engine



Jan. 4, 1938. A. T. BREMSER 2,104,150

- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov 29, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet l IIIIJIIIIIIIIIQ' 2 5. "e 7 2 7% s Fi q.2.

- INVENTOR. AZBF/WT Z'BEEMSE/T.

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Jan. 4, 1938. A. T. BREMSER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENG INE Filed Nov 29, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I N V EN TOR. AL 55m. 7? Eff/7556 ATTORNEY.

n- 4, 1938. A. T. BREMSER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 29, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet 5- Fya.

I N V EN TOR. 41.52%? I 550mm A TTORNE Y.

. of. Figure 5.

Figure 8 illustrates the application of my im-- Patented Jan. 4, I938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Albert T. Bremser, Westmont, N. J. Application November as, 1933, Serial No. 700,309

3 Claims.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines of the compression ignition type. Its ob- .lect is to provide a combustion chamber with many distinct advantages.

One advantage is that the application of my improved combustion chamber to compression ignition engines is not hampered by the arrangement of the inlet and exhaust valves, so that it can be applied to L-head, F-head and T-head engines.

A further advantage is that a well directed turbulent movement of air and gas occurs during the entire injection and combustion period of the engine cycle, resulting in rapid but controlled combustion of the fuel.

Another tion chambers.

In the accompanying drawings various forms of my combustion chamber are illustrated, those parts of the engines, which are-not absolutely necessary for the understanding of the invention,

being omitted.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the upper end of the cylinderblock, the piston and the cylinderhead of an L-head engine employing my combustion chamber.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the underside of the cylinderhead shown in Figure 1, as indicated by arrows 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the cylinderbloclr withthe piston inserted, as indicated by arrows l3 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is an elevation of the upperend of the piston of Figures 1 and 3.

Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of the upper end of an F-head engine employing my combustion chamber,

Figure 6 is a plan view of the underside of the cylinder head of Figure 5, 6-6 of Figure 5.

indicated by arrows Figure 7 is a plan view of the cylinderblock and piston of Figure 5, as indicated by arrows 1-] proved combustion chamber to a T-head engine,

showing asectional elevation of the upper end of it. I

Figure 9 is a plan view of the underside of the 8 as indicated by arrows of the cylinderblock and piston of Figure 8, as indicated by arrows Ill-i0 of Figure 8.

Figure 11 shows a modified form of my combustion chamber applied to a valve-in-head enine. It shows a sectional elevation of the upper 6 end of the engine.

Figure 12 is a plan view of the cylinderhead of Figure 11 as indicated by arrows l2-l2 of Figure 11.

In Figure 1 numeral l indicates a cylinderblock, having a cylinder bore 2 and an inlet valve 3 and exhaust valve 4, the latter not shown, mounted parallel or at a slight angle to the axis of the cylinder bore 2 and seated in the cavity 9. Piston 5 in the cylinder 2 is shown in its upper 15 dead center position, and extends well above the upper face of the cylinderblock. The piston head has a cavity 6. A cylinderhead I is attached to the cylinderblock l. The cavity II is formed as a continuation of the cylinder bore and adopts o piston 5 with the smallest practical clearance. The cavity 8 is a lateral continuation sideways of cavity II and forms together with the cavity 9 in the cylinderblock i the larger volumetric portion of the compression and combustion space and will be referred to as auxiliary combustion chamber Ill. The combined depths of 8 and 9 permit the opening of valves 3 and 4. A fuel spraynozzle II is positioned in the cylinderhead, projecting fuel jets l5, directed to pass into and across cavity 6. A restricted channel I 6 is formed in the cavity 8. Cavity 6 is called the mixing space.

Figure 2 shows the shape of cavities 8 and II and their relative arrangement and also indicates that channel i6 is located in the pass of one of the fuel jets l5,

Figure 3 illustrates the arrangement of the cavity 9 with respect to the inlet and exhaust valves 3 and l and also shows the shape oi. cavity 6 in 40 piston I.

Figure 4 illustrates the head of piston 5 showing the depth is, the width H and the edges 5 of cavity 6.

The operation is as ifollows:

During the early part of the suction stroke the piston 5 uncovers the full area, indicated by numerals i9 and 20, of the passage between the chamber. I II and the cylinder 2, so that an unrestricted flow of air, entering chamber ll through valve 3, into the engine cylinderv is obtained. During the greater part of the compressionstroke a smooth flow of air from the cylindei into the chamber in takesplace'on account of the wide passage between the cylinder and the chamber l6. During the latter part of the compression stroke the cross-sectional area of the last named passage is being progressively reduced, so that despite the decreasing piston velocity a rapid, but controlled movement of air into chamber l6 occurs until the piston reaches top dead center position. Shortly before the edge I! of the piston registers with edge |2 of cavity 8, fuel injection begins and the jets I5 will travel across cavity 6 into chamber l0. Shortly before top dead center the edge I! will register with edge l2 so that nearly all the air is forced to enter chamber I0 through the restricted channel 16. The edges 56 of cavity 6 will tend to direct the air into the cavity 6 in the direction of arrows 2| and since the outer fuel jets i5 are parallel or nearly parallel to the edges 56, air will pass through these jets at a pronounced and preferably right angle and will be impregnated with fuel.

It is evident that a very high air pressure is built up at the entrance of channel l6 and in cavity 6 at the time injection begins. This pres sure is higher than that prevailing in chamber I0 and therefore, also the temperature in 6 is higher, resulting in ignition of the fuel in 6 prior to ignition in chamber I0. Therefore, at least part of the fuel will be ignited in 6 and the flame will travel rapidly but at a controlled velocity into chamber l0 through channel l6, carrying along unburned fuel. Combustion will continue in chamber III. When the piston has reached the top dead center position the flow of air into chamber It! will cease. The pressure in It will rise above the pressure in the cavity 6 on account of combustion. Fuel injection continues and air mixed with combustion gases flows back into the cavity 6 from chamber l0 in the direction of arrows 22 at first through channel I 6 only and then through the entire width 20 of chamber I0 and the direction of flow is substantially opposite to that of the fuel jets IS. The return flow of air and gases from chamber l0 into cavity 6 also takes place at a velocity controlled by progressively increasing the cross-sectional area of the passage between chamber l0 and the engine cylinder. Since the width 26 of cavity 8 is equal to the width I! of the piston cavity 6 the return flow of gases and air will proceed through cavity 6 at least as long as fuel injection is not terminated and preferably until combustion is completed. During further downward movement of the piston at rapidly increasing velocity, the cross-sectional area of the passage between the chamber I 6 and the cylinder space will be enlarged progressively and continually thus permitting unrestricted expansion of combustion gases during theexpansion stroke. The wide passage between the auxiliary combustion chamber and the cylinder avoids that exhaust gases are trapped in this chamber and permits the diffusion of such gases into the fresh charge of air during the suction stroke of the engine. The injection and combustion process, controlled in the manner described, results in smooth operation of the engine. Distribution of fuel throughout the auxiliary combustion chamber and unrestricted expansion immediately following the combustion results in a high power output. The wall of cavity 8 can remain uncooled, by providing an airspace 23 which is separated from the waterjacket 25 by wall 24. During the suction stroke the incoming air charge will cool the chamber walls sufllciently.

A narrow but deep channel I6 is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, but this channel may take the entire width 20 of cavity 8 and will then be made very shallow, so as to form a long but narrow slot like restricted passage with the edge ll of cavity 6 when thepiston 5 is in its upper dead center position.

From Figures 5, 6 and 7 it is evident that the improved combustion chamber described above can be used in conjunction with the valve arrangement, typical for so-called F-head engines. In this construction one kind of valve, for instance the exhaust valve 26 is located in the cylinderblock 21 on the side of the cylinder 28 and parallel or at a slight angle to the latter. Cavity 29 is formed in the top of 21 and around valve 26 and the continuation of cavity 28, formed as cavity 30 in the cylinderhead 3|, permits opening of valve 26. Cavities 29 and 30 form the auxiliary combustion chamber 32. A large passage 33 permits unrestricted flow of gases from the cylinder 28 into the auxiliary combustion chamber during the greater part of the piston stroke. Piston 34 has a cavity 35. It is of the same construction as piston 5 of Figures 1, 3 and 4 and, when in its upper dead center position, displaces the air contained in the cavity 36 of cylinder head 3| into chamber 32. Channel 31 serves the same purpose as channel l6 of Figures- 1 and 2. A spraynozzle 38 projects fuel jets 39. Inlet valves 40 are positioned in the cylinder head 3|. Arrows 2| and 22 indicate the direction of flow of air and gases during the injection and combustion period of the engine cycle.

In Figures 8, 9 and 10 inlet valves 46 and exhaust valves 4| are mounted on each side of the cylinder 42 in the cylinderblock 43 and open into separate chambers 44 and 45, formed in the cylinder head 46. 'I'he piston 41 is constructed symmetrically about line 48-48 and has two cavities 49 of identical construction and each cavity corresponds to cavity 6 in piston 5 of Figures 1, 3 and 4. channel l6 in Figures 1 and 2. A spraynozzle 5| is located in the cylinderhead in the middle of the cylinder and projects two jets of fuel 52. Piston 41 is shown in the upper dead center position. Arrows 2| and 22 indicate the direction of flow of air and gases. The injection and combustion process takes place in substantially the same manner as explained in the description of Figures 1 to 4 inclusive.

In Figures 11 and 12 a variation of construction of my improved combustion chamber is applied to a valve-in-head engine. The auxiliary combustion chamber 51 is formed by the cavity 58 in the cylinder block 58 and the cavity 60 in the cylinder head 6| opening laterally into the Channels 58 serve the same purpose as cylinder 62 and the cavity as, the latter formed as a continuation of the cylinder 62. The mixing space is formed by the fiat piston head 6| and the cavity 65 as shown. This cavity corresponds to cavity 6 of piston 5 of Figures 1, 3 and 4. The edges 66 tend to direct the air in the direction indicated by arrows 61 during that portion of the injection and combustion cycle which occurs during the latter part of the compression stroke, while arrows 68 indicate the return flow of air and gas through cavity 65 into the cylinder. An inlet valve 68 and an exhaust valve III are mounted in the cylinder head as shown and a. spray nozzle 1| projects the fuel jets 12 into cavity 65. One jet is directed into the restricted channel 13, which during the greater portion of the injection period is the major communicating passage between the auxiliary combustion chamber 51 and the cavity 65. The injection and combustion cycle is substantially the same as that occurring in the engines illustrated in Figures 1 to 10 inclusive.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in my device without departing from the spirit of the invention and therefore I do not limit myself to what is shown in the drawings and described in the specification, but only as indicated by the appended claims.

Having thus fully described my said invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a compression ignition engine of L-head construction a cylinder block, a cylinder bore and inlet and outlet valves in said cylinder block, said valves mounted on the side of said cylinder, a

cylinder head, a first cavity in said cylinder head, adapted to form a chamber about said valves, a second cavity in said cylinder head adjacent said first cavity and adjacent said cylinder bore, a piston in said cylinder bore, a cavity in said piston, said piston adapted to enter said second cavity during the latter part of the upstroke of said piston and said piston cavity to form a mixing space with said cylinder head only while said piston is near and in its top dead center position, a passage between said mixing space. and said valve chamber and said piston adapted to partly close said passage when entering said second cavity, and a fuel nozzle adjacent said mixing chamber and'opposite said valve chamber in said cylinder head.

2. In a compression ignition engine of the F-head construction a cylinder block, a cylinder bore and at least one valve in said cylinder block; said valve mounted on the side of said cylinder, 2. cylinder head, a first cavity in said cylinder head, adapted to form a chamber about said valves, a second cavity in said cylinder headadjacent said first cavity and adjacent said cylinder bore, a piston in said cylinder bore, a cavity in said piston, said piston adapted to enter said second cavity during the latter part of the upstroke of said piston and said piston cavity to form a mixing space with said cylinder head only while said piston is near and in its top dead center position, a passage between said mixing space and said valve chamber, and said piston adapted to partly close said passage when entering said second cavity, and a fuel nozzle adjacent said mixing chamber and opposite said valve chamber in said cylinder head.

3. In a compression ignition engine having a cylinder and a piston reciprocating therein and a cylinder head, a valve chamber adapted to serve as an auxiliary combustion chamber arranged entirely at the side of said cylinder, a mixing space formed by a triangle shaped cavity in the top of said piston in cooperation withv the cylinder head during the time of fuel injection, a passage connecting said chamber with said cylinder the cross-sectional area of said passage being large enough to permit unrestricted entry of air into and exhaust gases out of said cylinder, a fuel spray nozzle positioned to project jets of fuel across said mixing space through said passage and then into said chamber and said piston adapted to transfer combustion air from said cylinder into said chamber, said piston further characterized by the feature that the edges of said cavity will cause said air to pass through the outer fuel jets at a pronounced angle while said piston progressively reduces the cross-sectional area of said passage.

ALBERT T. BREMSER. 

